Mechanism of suppression of phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils and production of proinflammatory cytokines during chronic poisoning with organophosphorus compounds.

Experiments on albino outbred rats showed that chronic poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (Russian VX, and sarin) for 30 days in a total dose of 0.3 DL50 (0.01 DL50 daily) is followed by a decrease in phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils. The reduction of functional activity of monocyte phagocytic system was stipulated by the stimulation of N-cholinergic receptors of these cells. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in blood concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6).

[Pharmacological correction of nonspecific resistance and production of proinflammatory cytokines during chronic intoxication with organophosphorus compound VX].

It is established in experiments on noninbred rats that the use of imunofan (20 mg/kg daily) and polyoxidonium (150 mg/kg daily) for 7 days on the background of chronic intoxication with organophosphorus agent VX (0.01 LD50, single daily treatment for 30 days) resulted in almost complete recovery of phagocytic-metabolic activity of neutrophils, the content of lysozyme, cationic protein of platelet, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL-1b and IL-6 in the blood. The administration of T-activin (20 mg/kg daily for 7 days) restores these parameters insignificantly. The maximum overall stimulatory effect was produced by polyoxidonium, while the minimum effect was observed for T-activin.

[Effect of cholinesterase reactivator carboxim on T-lymphocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and immune response under conditions of acute intoxication by organophosphorus compounds].

It has been established in experiments on non-inbred rats that the administration of cholinesterase reactivator carboxim in a single dose of 10 mg/kg signifucantly reduces the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase in T-lymphocytes caused by acute intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (sarin, metaphos) in a dose of 1.0 LD50. The drug administration leads to partial or almost complete recovery of the humoral and cellular immune responses. Carboxim does not influence the T-independent humoral immune response reduced due to suppression of B-cell (plasmocyte) function by organophosphorus compounds.

Mechanisms of immune status disorders in chronic ethanol intoxication.

Experiments of outbred albino rats showed that chronic ethanol intoxication (20 days, summary dose 5 LD(50)) inhibited immune reactions mainly mediated by Th1-cells, increased blood corticosterone concentration, reduced T-lymphocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, blood concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and increased IL-6 level.

[Pharmacological correction of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte activity and cytokine profile in ethanol intoxicated rats].

It was established in experiments on noninbred rats that their ethanol intoxication (13 days; total dose, 2.6 LD50) significantly reduces the concentration of blood cytokines IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, increases the concentration of IL-6, suppresses the immune responses, and reduces the interrelation IFNgamma/IL-4 in comparison to the control, which testifies to the greater damage of Th1 cells in comparison to Th2 lymphocytes. The immunomodulator polyoxidonium administered for four days at a daily dose of 700 microg/kg fully restores the cellular and humoral immune responses and the synthesis of cytokines IFNgamma, IL-2, and IL-4 and partly restores the production of IL-10.

[The determination of the cause-effect relationship in the loss of health and work capacity by former servicemen leaving military service]. / Ob opredelenii prichino-sledstvennoi sviazi utraty zdorov'ia i trudosposobnosti byvshimi voennosluzhashchimi s prokhozhdeniem voennoi sluzhby.

A cause-and -effect criterion was applied to analyze the interconnection of disorders, diseases, wound, contusions and traumata with active duty status. On the basis of this analysis the authors come to a conclusion about the necessity to improve the relevant legislation. First of all it is the notion "duty status" that must be substituted by the notion "military service duty status". Taking into account the latter, it is necessary to establish within the terms of law a post of an official, a group of officials, or and organ that would have the rights to determine the circumstances of serviceman's incapacitation or invalidity and to draw up a relevant document for that matter. In the author's opinion the solution of these questions could considerably improve the socio-legislative protection of servicemen.